No. 14 (2020)
Estudios

«Autorretrato» del concejal en España

PDF (Español (España)) HTML (Español (España))
  • Guillermo Cordero,
  • Santiago Pérez-Nievas
Guillermo Cordero
Departamento de Ciencias Políticas y Relaciones Internacionales Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
Santiago Pérez-Nievas
Departamento de Ciencias Políticas y Relaciones Internacionales. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37417/ADM/14-2020_07

Published 2021-06-09

Keywords

  • councilors,
  • selection,
  • profile,
  • attitudes,
  • nationalism,
  • ideology
    • ...More
    Less

How to Cite

Cordero, G., & Pérez-Nievas, S. (2021). «Autorretrato» del concejal en España. Anuario De Derecho Municipal, (14), 183–216. https://doi.org/10.37417/ADM/14-2020_07

Copyright (c) 2021 Guillermo Cordero, Santiago Pérez-Nievas

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Authors retain copyright in the published paper and only license to the publisher a non-exclusive right to first publication and distribution of the published work

Abstract

In this article we carry out a detailed description of the profile of the Spanish local representative, based on data from a survey carried out between 2018 and 2019 to councilors from all over Spain. With 1,250 responses, our results show that parties present clear differences in the way they design their electoral lists, as well as in the profile resulting from that selection. While in the younger parties the percentage of councilors elected through primaries is much higher and the average profile is younger, feminized and with diffe-rent levels of education, in the PP the method of selection is less participatory, resulting in older councilors, mostly men and with higher education levels. In the PSOE the presence of councilors elected through forms of collegiate selection is more common, resulting in older profiles, although more feminized and with different educational levels. Our data also show important connections between the parties at the local level and the associative life, especially in the case of councilors from left-wing parties: unions and women’s associations in the case of the PSOE; human rights, environmentalists and housing associations at the «confluences». In the right-wing parties, contacts with business associations and organizations related to aid and charity are more common. Finally, the article provides a description of the attitudes and values of Spanish councilors. Beyond the expected differences in ideology and nationalism, we find that there is greater ideological heterogeneity in different Autonomous Communities among Ciudadanos and PP councilors than among those from left-wing parties.

PDF (Español (España)) HTML (Español (España))

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

  1. Akherman, T.: «Immigration policy and electoral competition in Western Europe: A fine-grained analysis of party positions over the past two decades», Party Politics, 2015, vol. 21 (1), 2012, pp. 54-67.
  2. Alonso, S.; Gómez, B., y Cabeza, L.: «Measuring Centre-Periphery Preferences: The Regional Manifestos Project», Regional and Federal Studies, 23?(2), 2013, pp.?189-211.
  3. Alonso, S. y Rovira-Akkerman, S.: «Spain: No country for the populist radical right?», South European Society and Politics, 20?(1), 2015, pp.?21-45.
  4. Aprepinm: «Encuesta a concejales», ¿Ayuntamientos plurales? La representación política de los inmigrantes en España (CSO2016-79540-R), 2019.
  5. Barberá, O., Barrio, A., y Rodríguez Teruel, J.: «New parties’ linkages with external groups and civil society in Spain: A preliminary assessment», Mediterranean Politics, 1-19, 2018.
  6. Barberá, O., y Correa, P.: «Los partidos políticos en España», en J.?M. Reniu (ed.), Sistema Político Español, Huygens Editorial, Barcelona, 2018.
  7. Bartels, L., y Bermeo, N. (eds.): Mass politics in tough times. Opinions, votes and protest in the great recession, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2014.
  8. Best, H., y Cotta, M. (eds.): Parliamentary Representatives in Europe, 1848-2000, Oxford University Press, New York, 2000.
  9. Bonet, E.; Pérez-Nievas, S., y Hierro, M.?J.: «España en las urnas: territorialización del voto y movilización de la identidad nacional española en las elecciones de 2008», en J.?R. Montero e I. Lago Peñas (eds.), Elecciones generales 2008, CIS, Madrid, 2010.
  10. Caramani, D.: «Will vs. Reason: The Populist and Technocratic Forms of Political Representation and Their Critique to Party Government», American Political Science Review, 111 (1), 2017, pp. 54-67, doi:10.1017/S0003055416000538.
  11. Carey J.?M.: «Competing Principals, Political Institutions, and Party Unity in Legislative Voting», American Journal of Political Science, núm.?51, 2007, pp.?92-107.
  12. Caul, M.: «Women’s Representation in Parliament: The Role of Political Parties», Party Politics, 5?(1), 1999, pp.?79-98.
  13. Calvo, K., y Álvarez, I.: «Limitaciones y exclusiones en la institucionalización de la indignación: del 15-M a Podemos», Revista Española de Sociología, 2015, pp.?115-122.
  14. Coller, X.; Benítez, A.; Domínguez, P., y Carrasco, B.: «Mujeres en Política: Empoderamiento y Presencia», Agenda Pública, lunes, 8 de marzo de 2021, accesible en https://agendapublica.es/mujeres-en-politica-empoderamiento-y-presencia/.
  15. Coller, X.; Cordero, G., y Echavarren, J.?M.: «Identidad Nacional y Regional», en X. Coller, A. Jaime-Castillo y F. Mota (eds.), El poder político en España: parlamentarios y ciudadanía, Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas, Madrid.
  16. Coller, X.; Cordero, G., y Jaime-Castillo, A. M.: «Candidate Selection in Multilevel Democracies: America vs. Europe», American Behavioral Scientist, 60?(7), 2016, pp.?773-908.
  17. Coller, X.; Jaime, A.?M., y Mota, F.: «El poder político en España», Revista Española de Sociología, 28?(3), 2019, pp.?531-542.
  18. Cordero, G., y Coller, X.: Democratizing Candidate Selection. New Methods, Old Receipts?, Palgrave-Macmillan, Londres, 2018.
  19. Cordero, G., y Martín, I.: Quiénes son y cómo votan los españoles, Catarata, Madrid, 2011.
  20. Cordero, G., y Montero, J.?R.: «Against bipartyism, towards dealignment? The 2014 European election in Spain», South European Society and Politics, 20?(3), 2015, pp.?357-379.
  21. Cordero, G.; Pérez-Nievas, X.; Paradés, M., y Coller, X.: «Higher and Harder: Gender, Fa­mily Responsibilities and Primaries for Local, Regional and National Chambers», sin publicar.
  22. Dalton, R. J.: Democratic challenges, democratic choices: the erosion of political support in advanced industrial democracies, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2004.
  23. De Vries, C.?E., y Hobolt, S.: Political Entrepreneurs: The Rise of Challenger Parties in Europe, Princeton University Press, 2020.
  24. Detterbeck, K.: «Multi-Level Party Politics in Western Europe», Comparative Territorial Politics, Palgrave-Macmillan, 2012.
  25. Detterbeck, K.:?«Political crisis and its effect on candidate selection», en X. Coller, G. Cordero y A.?M. Jaime-Castillo (eds.), The Selection of Politicians in Times of Crisis, Routledge, London, 2018, pp.?19-30.
  26. Encarnación, O.?G.: The Myth of Civil Society Social Capital and Democratic Consolidation in Spain and Brazil , Palgrave-Macmillan, New York y Basingstoke, 2013.
  27. Fabre, E., y Méndez-Lago, M.: «Decentralization and Party Organizational Change: The British and Spanish Statewide Parties Compared», en W. Swenden y B. Maddens (eds.), The Territorial Party Politics in Western Europe, Houndmills, Basingstoke, Palgrave, 2009, pp.?102-118.
  28. Gallagher, M., y Marsh, M.: Candidate Selection in Comparative Perspective: the Secret Garden of Politics, Sage, London, 1988.
  29. González Enríquez, C.: La excepción española: el fracaso de los grupos de derecha populista pese al paro, la desigualdad y la inmigración, Real Instituto Elcano, 7, 2017.
  30. González Enríquez, C., y Rinken, S.: La opinión pública ante la inmigración y el efecto de Vox, Real Instituto Elcano, 33, 2021.
  31. Hazan, R.?Y., y Rahat, G.: Democracy within Parties: Candidate Selection Methods and Their Political Consequences, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2010.
  32. Heath, A., y Richards, L.: How do Europeans differ in their attitudes to immigration? Findings from the European Social Survey 2002/03 - 2016/17, OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers, 2019.
  33. Herreros, F.: La ideología y la práctica: la diferencia de valores entre izquierda y derecha, Catarata, Madrid.
  34. Hix, S.: «Electoral Institutions and Legislative Behavior: Explaining Voting Defection in the European Parliament», World Politics, núm.?56, 2004, pp.?194-223.
  35. Hoffman-Lange, U.: «Studying Elite vs. Mass Opinion», en W. Donsbach y M. Traugott (ed.), The SAGE handbook of Public Opinion Reserch, Londres, Sage.
  36. Inglehart, R., y Klingemann, H.?D.: «Party Identification, Ideological Preference and the Left-Right Dimension among Western Mass Publics», en I. Budge, I. Crewe y D. Farlie (eds.), Party Identification and Beyond: Representations of Voting and Party Competition, Wiley, Chichester, 1976.
  37. Jaime-Castillo, A.?M.; Coller, X., y Cordero, G.: «New parties and new ways of candidate selection in Spain», en The Selection of Politicians in Times of Crisis, X. Coller, G. Cordero y A.?M. Jaime-Castillo (eds.), Routledge, London, 2018, pp.?226-242.
  38. Kenig, O., y Pruysers, S.: «The Challenges of Inclusive Intra-party Selection Methods», en G.?Cordero y X. Coller (eds.), Democratizing Candidate Selection, Palgrave, London, 2018, pp.?25-48.
  39. Kriesi, H.: «The political consequences of the financial and economic crisis in Europe: electoral punishment and popular protest», Swiss Political Science Review, 18?(4), 2012, pp.?518-522.
  40. Krook, M.?L.: «Not All Quotas are created Equal: Trajectories of Reform to Increase Women’s Political Representation», Presented at the European Consortium for Political Research, Joint Sessions of Workshops, Edinburgh, Scotland, 2003.
  41. Lahav, G.: «Ideological and Party Constraints on Immigration Attitudes in Europe», Journal of Common Market Studies, 35?(3), 1997, pp.?377-406.
  42. Lavezzolo, S.: «¿Por que Ciudadanos y Podemos se vetan mutuamente?, Blog Piedras de Papel, ElDiario.es, 2015, https://www.eldiario.es/piedrasdepapel/podemos-ciudadanos-populismo-tecnocracia_132_3338212.html.
  43. Lobera, J.: «De movimientos a partidos. La cristalización electoral de la protesta», Revista Española de Sociología, núm.?24, 2015, pp.?97-105.
  44. Lehmann, P., y Zobel, M.: «Positions and saliency of immigration in party manifestos: A novel dataset using crowd coding», European journal of Political Research, 57?(4), 2018, pp.?1056-1083.
  45. Llera, F.?J.: «Las elecciones autonómicas en el País Vasco, 1980-2012», Elecciones, núm.?8, Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas, Madrid, 2016.
  46. Martín, I.: «Podemos y otros modelos de partido-movimiento», Revista Española de Sociología, 2015, pp.?107-114.
  47. Mair, P.: Party system change. Approaches and interpretations, Clarendon, Oxford, 1997.
  48. Medina, L.: Izquierda y derecha en España: un estudio longitudinal comparado, Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas, Madrid, 2015.
  49. Méndez, M.; Cebolla, H., y Pinyol, G.: «Han cambiado las percepciones de la inmigración en España?», Zoom Político 17, Fundación Alternativas, Madrid, 2012.
  50. Montero, J.?R., y Torcal, M.: «Voters and Citizens in a New Democracy: Some Trend Data on Political Attitudes in Spain», International Journal of Public Opinion Research, núm.?2, 1990, pp.?116-140.
  51. Morales, L.; Pardos-Prado, S., y Ros, V.: «Issue Emergence and the dynamics of Electoral Competition around Immigration in Spain», Acta Política, 50?(4), 2015, pp.?461-485.
  52. Mudde, C.: Populist Radical Right Parties in Europe, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2007.
  53. Müller, J.-W.: What is populism?, University of Pennsylvania Press, Baltimore, 2016.
  54. Norris, P., y Lovenduski, J.: Political Recruitment. Gender, Race and Class in the British Parliament, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1995.
  55. Oñate, P., y Ocaña, F.: «Las elecciones autonómicas de 2007 y los sistemas de partidos autonómicos en la España multinivel», en F. Pallarés, Elecciones Autonómicas y Locales, Madrid, Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas, 2007.
  56. Paolo, A.?D., y Mañé, F.: «Misusing our talent? Over education, overskilling and skill underutilisation among Spanish PhD graduates», The Economic and Labour Relations Review, 27?(4), 2016, pp.?432-452.
  57. Pérez-Nievas, S.; Paradés, M.; Cordero, G., y Coller, X.: «More democratic, but less re­presentative? The Selection of MPs for the Local, Regional, and National Chambers», en X.?Coller y L. Sánchez (eds.), Selecting Politicians in Hard Times: Spanish and South European MPs Facing Citizens after the Great Recession, Palgrave, London, 2021.
  58. Pérez-Nievas, S., y Rama-Caamaño, J.: «Las bases sociales y actitudinales del voto nacionalista», Informe España, Comillas Universidad Pontificia, Madrid, 2018, pp.?301-364.
  59. Pérez-Nievas, S.; Rama-Caamaño, J., y Fernández-Esquer, C.: «New Wines in Old Bottles? The Selection of Electoral Candidates in General Elections in Podemos», en G. Cordero y X. Coller (eds.), Democratizing Candidate Selection, Palgrave, London, 2018, pp.?123-146.
  60. Pitkin, H.: The Concept of Representation, University of California Press, 1967.
  61. Rama, J.: Parties and economic crisis in Europe: a comparative analysis of new parties and changing party systems. Doctoral Thesis, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 2019.
  62. Ramiro, L.: Cambio y adaptación en la izquierda: la evolución del Partido Comunista de España y de Izquierda Unida (1986-2000), Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas, Madrid, 2004.
  63. Rodon, T., y Hierro, M.?J.: «Podemos and Ciudadanos Shake up the Spanish Party System: The 2015 Local and Regional Elections», South European Society and Politics, 21?(3) 2016, pp.?339-357.
  64. Ruedin, D., y Morales, L.: «Estimating party positions on immigration: Assessing the reliabi­lity and validity of different methods», Party Politics, 25?(3), 2019, pp.?303-314.
  65. Sánchez-Ferrer, L.: Ideología: las razones de la ubicación izquierda-derecha, Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas, Madrid, 2016, pp.?227-244.
  66. Sánchez-Ferrer, L., y Domínguez, P.: «Ideological congruence following the Great Recession», en X. Coller y L. Sánchez-Ferrer, Politicians in Hard Times: Spanish and South European MPs Facing Citizens after the Great Recession, Palgrave-Macmillan, London, 2021.
  67. Santana, A.; Xavier, C., y Aguilar, S.: «Las parlamentarias regionales en España: masa crítica, experiencia parlamentaria e influencia política», Revista Española de Investigaciones Sociológicas, núm.?149, 2016, pp.?109-128.
  68. Sartori, G.: Il parlamento italiano 1946-1963, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli, 1965.
  69. Swenden, W., y Maddens, B.: Territorial party politics in western Europe, Palgrave-Macmillan, London, 2009.
  70. Turnbull-Dugarte, S.?J.: «Explaining the end of Spanish exceptionalism and electoral support for Vox», Research & Politics, 6?(2), 2019, pp.?1-8.
  71. Turnbull-Dugarte, S.?J.; Rama, J., y Santana, A.: «The Baskerville’s dog suddenly started barking: voting for VOX in the 2019 Spanish general elections», Political Research Exchang, 2?(1), 2020.
  72. Urquizu, I.: La crisis de representación en España, Los Libros de la Catarata, Madrid, 2016.
  73. Van Biezen, I.: Political Parties in New Democracies, Palgrave-Macmillan, Basingstoke y New York, 2003.
  74. Van Spanje, J.: «Contagious parties», Party Politics, 16?(5), 2010, pp.?563-586.
  75. Verge, T.: «Gendering representation in Spain: Opportunities and limits of gender quotas», Journal of Women’, Politics and Policy, 31?(2), 2010, pp.?166-190.
  76. Verge, T.:?«Party strategies towards civil society in new democracies. The Spanish case», Party Politics, 18?(1), 2012, pp.?45-60.
  77. Verge, T., y Lombardo, E.: «Gender quotas in Spain», en E. Lépinard y R. Rubio-Marín (eds.), Transforming gender citizenship: The irresistible rise of gender quotas in Europe, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2018, pp.?126-155.

Update cookies preferences